29.9. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Prev | Chapter 29. Network Servers | Next

## 29.9. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides users with a simple way to transfer files to and from an FTP server. FreeBSD includes FTP server software, ftpd, in the base system.

FreeBSD provides several configuration files for controlling access to the FTP server. This section summarizes these files. Refer to ftpd(8) for more details about the built-in FTP server.

### 29.9.1. Configuration

The most important configuration step is deciding which accounts will be allowed access to the FTP server. A FreeBSD system has a number of system accounts which should not be allowed FTP access. The list of users disallowed any FTP access can be found in `/etc/ftpusers`. By default, it includes system accounts. Additional users that should not be allowed access to FTP can be added.

In some cases it may be desirable to restrict the access of some users without preventing them completely from using FTP. This can be accomplished be creating `/etc/ftpchroot` as described in ftpchroot(5). This file lists users and groups subject to FTP access restrictions.

To enable anonymous FTP access to the server, create a user named `ftp` on the FreeBSD system. Users will then be able to log on to the FTP server with a username of `ftp` or `anonymous`. When prompted for the password, any input will be accepted, but by convention, an email address should be used as the password. The FTP server will call chroot(2) when an anonymous user logs in, to restrict access to only the home directory of the `ftp` user.

There are two text files that can be created to specify welcome messages to be displayed to FTP clients. The contents of `/etc/ftpwelcome` will be displayed to users before they reach the login prompt. After a successful login, the contents of `/etc/ftpmotd` will be displayed. Note that the path to this file is relative to the login environment, so the contents of `~ftp/etc/ftpmotd` would be displayed for anonymous users.

Once the FTP server has been configured, set the appropriate variable in `/etc/rc.conf` to start the service during boot:

    ftpd_enable="YES"

To start the service now:

    # service ftpd start

Test the connection to the FTP server by typing:

    % ftp localhost

The ftpd daemon uses syslog(3) to log messages. By default, the system log daemon will write messages related to FTP in `/var/log/xferlog`. The location of the FTP log can be modified by changing the following line in `/etc/syslog.conf`:

    ftp.info      /var/log/xferlog

### Note:

Be aware of the potential problems involved with running an anonymous FTP server. In particular, think twice about allowing anonymous users to upload files. It may turn out that the FTP site becomes a forum for the trade of unlicensed commercial software or worse. If anonymous FTP uploads are required, then verify the permissions so that these files cannot be read by other anonymous users until they have been reviewed by an administrator.

Prev | Up | Next
29.8. Apache HTTP Server | Home | 29.10. File and Print Services for Microsoft® Windows® Clients (Samba)

All FreeBSD documents are available for download at https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/

Questions that are not answered by the documentation may be sent to <freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org>.
Send questions about this document to <freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org>.